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Shuttle's first wheels off, then taken used as compartment for airlock	Efficient Shuttle Airlock Chamber Using Air Displacement	Space Canopy Or Parachute: Mechanism within vertical stabilizers	Use of space canopy for reentry of plane ie slowing before reentry
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The Use Of The Space Canopy For Reentry Of A Plane From Space Or Slowing Before Reentry.

The Major Shapes Or Configurations The Canopy Cam be Put During Reentry Pictured Here As Illustration.
These are to different stages in the use of the canopy for reentry. The exact size of the canopy will not be cover here only the ideas around it's creation. It started without looking at books from the idea of as llight a canopy as possible. It was given a space on the plane that was unused.

The work on this was in 1993. Below is a picture of a drawing of a overhead view of the plane I will be using to show the first stages of the opening of the parachute or canopy as I like to call it most because it will cover a lot of the sky.





The four pictures above are of drawings of the plane. the profiles I will be using later to explain the operation of the parachute or canopy if you will please try to think of it as such. If the motion of the plane is to the right and the planet is below any of the angles pictured will work. The only that will not work are not picture and they are with the plane's position being 180 degrees from either the position of the first or last picture. Timing minor parts of the opening ie delays from side to side can be used to achieve correct atitude before the canopy is open and the real work of slowing begins. Later The timing and shape will be used to do minor course correction. The amount is limited but the plane has great ability to just soar or glide even with out power. This was design for an emergence landing no power, no little control. The part that will be shown here are the major shapes the canopy be opened to. Part of the "permission" for allowing to pursue this type of control for the design early on was the Tow Missile. The Tow Missile can only do a certain number of course correction but with the proper knowledge can be used successfully.



I could use 4 or 5 pictures to explain this first step.

From here it is a matter of how much one has proceeded with the idea that this can be done. The canopy and the ropes all in place. The lines from the ends go to the racks. What force is against the canopy at this time is at the back middle section on the left as you look at it. At this point of designing this canopy design goal to be as light as possible given its area open be able to generate on G deceleration the question is where and how much will force the canopy. If your looking at 1000 feet square to generate 40,000 pounds of force, how is it going to open the canopy past just hanging out back. The canopy weight at 500 hundred pound in a strip 1000 feet long and 5 or 10 at most wide. This will lead to the opening taking place in sections. The second part of opening the chute was easier to work out than this. This is where the turning of the canopy comes in. I first thought about opening just the end corners of the ends of the canopy. At this point I noticed that any opening at the end is going to generate force out but also to rotate. If I just opened on side on each end the canopy would want to rotate around. The heavy lines then that held caught it when came out would then be released one spool's worth. This starting to form a curve outside the loop to pull the canopy out flat. The one sided opening while rotating give more open area to pull chute open.











The red lines are connected to the ends of the canopy there are also some blues attached to the ends also. The remainder of the blue lines go down where they connect to the the canopy. This will be used to points to hold the canopy as it is spread. This allows the canopy to trail slightly toward the middle not right behind the racks. It is here the canopy will unfold 500 foot to it's 1000 foot length.







Now here in the second picture you will notice one red line not cross but leading to a flared out portion of the canopy. The line to the outside end has been released from the rack. This line now is connected to the assemble on the other side. This open portion will later be what pulls the canopy outward. After spreading this loop out comes opening the canopy, at first though only the outside section will be spread the loop.







The second line down on the end has been released and canopy is starting to open to nearly 20 to 30 feet in area.









Now the racks lines are all released. All the cross hold to the inside is gone. The whole of the canopy ends will shift out but stop when the run out of rope. The end sections are let out now. The reason I like this point of release as the first step is if something goes wrong or gets twisted it can be fixed with a space walk. In fact any part up to now from the assemblies moving into position to cables locking the assemblies together.

There is down the length of the the canopy a half twist all the way down through all the lines. This will begin the rotation of the canopy.




One side section of the canopy will be let out this will assist in rotation. The ends near the plane are being let out further.









The first section is now fully out. The lines second and third from the end are released. This and the end section being released will speed up the rotation.











The second and third lines back from the from the back of the plane are fully out. From here the opening of the canopy will be in groups of sections not just one at a time. With just the outside sections open to assist in pulling it open. The canopy will start to turn till it is on the other axis. Where then the growth on the other axis will start.

In the insert is the shape that canopy will be opened up by. Slowly the curved out section will pull out the canopy as line is released. Till there is on large curve.

The canopy now is still not much more then a long ribbon. All of these steps are not timed they are watch till they are done then advance. In the nest picture the canopy has shifted over to the other axis.




This is the final series steps to the opening of the canopy. Notice the "stack" of folded sections in the middle these sections is what will be spreading out. There is enough pressure from the air to hold the small area open along it's length. Now the sections are being let out along this length. Due to the high force per weight of canopy being moved this part will happen faster.

The insert shows what a one of the one to four lines will look like on the canopy. The stepping of the canopy of the sections is what is important to note. This keeps part of the load of holding the canopy open at the local area not pulling across the whole canopy.


















The all the lines will be let out to allow the canopy to be further back. Several sections can be let out when the overall length is increased.

















There is still the curve at the end but the stepping of the canopy now is most of providing much of the force to hold the canopy open. There is still a stack of sections at the back.














Here during the first two stage I have included the cures at the edge of the canopy, for the rest of the drawing I will not be including them. The major shapes the canopy can take is what I am interested in showing. Here is the first nearly open phase of the reentry the canopy is open and trailing right behind the plane. There is really no noticeable descent at this time. Any real descent it will start after the has slowed down enough to where centrifugal force is not holding it in orbit. Notice the angle of the plane that is it's correct angle of the plane at this time. A straight line drawn from the point where the lines attach to the plane goes right through the center of gravity of the plane.











This configuration is to hold the plane up in the air around 500,000 feet for. More and slow any possible descent whilde the speed is still high. (great than 18,000 miles per hour) The angle will have shifted from the some from 0 degrees trim but I have not pictured that here.





















The this is the start of gravity is now able to cause a large amount of descent against the centrifugal force that was holding the plane up. The canopy in this configuration will provide more lift than the previous configuration.

























Here gravity is now able to cause a large amount of descent and the position of the canopy in relationship to the plane has shifted. The plane is actually "hanging" down from the canopy.


























This stage let the canopy provide less lift. How reentry is going would decide when to shift to go on to the next or how long to apply more lift and hold as much altitude as possible. The final result of these steps is to be the combined velocity is somewhere below Mach 3 or 2000 M.P.H. at less than 200,000 feet.

















This stage the canopy is back to flat but slowing and descent have started. The angle of the flight at this point is a line from the point where the lines attach to the plane. When the canopy is at this angle both velocities forward and down are about equal. There is room for adjustment before or after this they include the following steps. Again so the combined velocity is somewhere below Mach 3 or 2000 M.P.H..

























This is a pull down on the canopy forcing it into a work mainly at slowing rather than generating lift for maintaining altitude. This way the velocity down will increase more while the velocity forward will continue to fall. Only one of these last two can be used but after that the previous shape can be returned to.


























This shape can be used again to hold the canopy up for more lift to keep the speed of descent from climbing as too high. This step can proceed the flat stage but the last step cannot. The final result of these steps is to be the combined velocity is somewhere below Mach 3 or 2000 M.P.H. at less than 200,000 feet.

It is now just a flight at Mach 3, that combined speed both forward and down and will not get as hot as the SR-71 did, this is at around twice the altitude. This even with the engines not lit would give it a wide area to land in.













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The use of space canopy for reentry of a plane from space or slowing before reentry. Velocity speed mach number lowering.
The Major Shapes Or Configurations The Canopy Cam be Put During Reentry Pictured Here As Illustration

Canopy, plane, space, open, reentry, angle, force, lines, opening, slowing, speed, stage, velocity, descent, mach, feet, lift, line, work, air, area, large, picture, sections,

The Use Of The Space Canopy For Reentry Or Slowing Before Reentry. Velocity mach number speed. The Major Shapes Or Configurations The Canopy Cam be Put During Reentry Pictured Here As Illustration. The canopy allows for a slower reentry & low heat build up on the plane, below 750 degrees F.

Bob L. Petersen

Bob L. Petersen